Waste water management is an exercise that affects both residential and commercial buildings. The main reason for a sewage water treatment system is to produce an effluent that is safe to be discharged into the environment or reused for other purposes. The stages and the process that are involved vary slightly from place to place. In general, however, there are four main successive stages that are involved. These include pre-treatment, primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.
During pre-treatment (screening), meshes are used to remove extraneous elements carried in the sewage. There are three sizes of meshes arranged in series. The largest grate is about 5 centimeters and helps to get rid of wood, rocks, pieces of cloth and other objects. In larger plants, this may be achieved by use of large mechanical bar rakes that apply a continuous motion. The medium size is between 0.5 and 0.3 cm while the smallest is 1.5 to 3.0 millimeters.
Grit removal is another important process that takes place during the pre-treatment stage. Most of the grit found in sewage comes from street runoff when it rains. The process that is used here is gravity dependent. By allowing the effluent to flow through a V-shaped shaped channel on a gentle slope allows grit to settle at the bottom making easier to remove. As a result of all these process, damage to hardware found downstream is markedly reduced.
Several large tanks are used to hold the effluent that is undergoing primary treatment. In this stage, the effluent is allowed to sediment so that solids settle at the bottom. This solid waste (also known as sludge) can be digested anaerobically to produce methane gas. The residual waste is usually disposed of in landfills. There is a continuous flow of sewage into and out of the tanks. The time for which water is held is enough for most of the suspended solids to be removed.
Secondary treatment is designed to breakdown biologic materials. Both anaerobic an aerobic microorganisms are involved in the process. The net effect is a reduction in the organic material which makes it difficult for harmful microorganisms to continue multiplying. The systems that are involved here can be broadly divided into two categories: fixed-film techniques and suspended growth techniques. The former use trickling filters and biological contactors while the latter involve a mixture between the sewage and biomass.
Another alternative approach is to use enzymes instead microorganisms in the secondary stage. The enzymes are similar to those that are produced by the microorganisms. This method appears to be less preferred due to the inability to produce all the enzymes needed. This makes the process very inefficient. At the same time, it is more expensive.
The tertiary stage is the final stage in the process. It involves a number of process that are mainly used to optimize on the benefits that have been achieved with the other stages. Biological filters are often used here to break the organic materials further. Other important processes include disinfection, reduction in the levels of urea and the associated odor. Many plants tend to skip this stage if the water is not for reuse.
Treating waste water may be done in private septic tanks on commercial or residential premises. The guidelines that govern the process of installing and operating these plants vary from one place to another. Ensure that you are conversant with those that apply in your case. The onsite plants typically operate in two stages instead of four.
During pre-treatment (screening), meshes are used to remove extraneous elements carried in the sewage. There are three sizes of meshes arranged in series. The largest grate is about 5 centimeters and helps to get rid of wood, rocks, pieces of cloth and other objects. In larger plants, this may be achieved by use of large mechanical bar rakes that apply a continuous motion. The medium size is between 0.5 and 0.3 cm while the smallest is 1.5 to 3.0 millimeters.
Grit removal is another important process that takes place during the pre-treatment stage. Most of the grit found in sewage comes from street runoff when it rains. The process that is used here is gravity dependent. By allowing the effluent to flow through a V-shaped shaped channel on a gentle slope allows grit to settle at the bottom making easier to remove. As a result of all these process, damage to hardware found downstream is markedly reduced.
Several large tanks are used to hold the effluent that is undergoing primary treatment. In this stage, the effluent is allowed to sediment so that solids settle at the bottom. This solid waste (also known as sludge) can be digested anaerobically to produce methane gas. The residual waste is usually disposed of in landfills. There is a continuous flow of sewage into and out of the tanks. The time for which water is held is enough for most of the suspended solids to be removed.
Secondary treatment is designed to breakdown biologic materials. Both anaerobic an aerobic microorganisms are involved in the process. The net effect is a reduction in the organic material which makes it difficult for harmful microorganisms to continue multiplying. The systems that are involved here can be broadly divided into two categories: fixed-film techniques and suspended growth techniques. The former use trickling filters and biological contactors while the latter involve a mixture between the sewage and biomass.
Another alternative approach is to use enzymes instead microorganisms in the secondary stage. The enzymes are similar to those that are produced by the microorganisms. This method appears to be less preferred due to the inability to produce all the enzymes needed. This makes the process very inefficient. At the same time, it is more expensive.
The tertiary stage is the final stage in the process. It involves a number of process that are mainly used to optimize on the benefits that have been achieved with the other stages. Biological filters are often used here to break the organic materials further. Other important processes include disinfection, reduction in the levels of urea and the associated odor. Many plants tend to skip this stage if the water is not for reuse.
Treating waste water may be done in private septic tanks on commercial or residential premises. The guidelines that govern the process of installing and operating these plants vary from one place to another. Ensure that you are conversant with those that apply in your case. The onsite plants typically operate in two stages instead of four.
About the Author:
You can get a detailed overview of the benefits of installing a sewage water treatment system and more info about an experienced installer at http://proteinmatrixllc.com right now.
No comments:
Post a Comment